Apostle Paul’s Vocation as the Turning Point of Religious Education from Monocultural to Multicultural

Agus Marulitua Marpaung; Byung June Hwang

doi:10.30648/dun.v8i1.1200

Apostle Paul’s Vocation as the Turning Point of Religious Education from Monocultural to Multicultural

Agus Marulitua Marpaung, Byung June Hwang

Abstract

Christians in this globalization era live in multicultural society. Therefore, multicultural education requires attention. Apostle Paul's vocation is an important moment about the turning point from monocultural to multicultural ministry. God's commission for the Twelve Apostles to teach and baptize to the ends of the earth, was apparently not fully understood by the Twelve Apostles. They are still Israel-centered minded in mission. By using literature study method, this article aimed to analyze the theological meaning of Paul's vocation in relation to religious education in multicultural context. The result of this study showed that the teaching and life of Apostle Paul had given some insight to accomplish religious education in multicultural context, by implementing contextual religious education. Therefore it could be concluded that religious education must always be aware of the students' life context. Awareness of this context includes awareness of their needs and potention.

Keywords

Apostle Paul; contextual education; multicultural; religious education; vocation

Full Text:

PDF

References

Alawode, Akinyemi O. “Paul’s Biblical Patterns of Church Planting: An Effective Method to Achieve the Great Commission.” HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 76, no. 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.4102/HTS.V76I1.5579.

Baker, Charles. Understanding The Book of Acts. Michigan: Grace Bible College Publications, 1985.

Bokedal, Johanna. “The Symbolic Universe of the Temple.” Nordisk Judaistik/Scandinavian Jewish Studies 33, no. 2 (December 19, 2022): 3–18. https://doi.org/10.30752/NJ.121801.

Booneiam, Florian. “Religiosity and Critical Thinking in a Monocultural Society.” Thammasat University, 2018.

Bosch, D.J. Transforming Mission: Paradigm Shifts in Theology of Mission. New York: Orbis Book, 2011.

Christiani, Tabita Kartika. “Christian Education for Peace Building in the Pluralistic Indonesian Context.” In Religion, Civil Society and Conflict in Indonesia, edited by Carl Sterkens, Muhammad Machasin, and Frans Wijsen. Zürich & Berlin: LIT Verlag, 2009.

Dellarosa, Maretha. “‘Where Am I?’ A Critical Discourse Analysis of Religious Representation in Indonesia.” IAFOR Journal of Education 9, no. 6 (2021): 127–44. https://doi.org/10.22492/IJE.9.6.07.

Dunn, James. The New Perspective on Paul. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2008.

Ferguson, Everett. Backgrounds of Early Christianity. Malang: Gandum Mas, 2017.

Franklin, Kirk. “The Apostle Paul, Asian Diaspora and Mission.” Global Missiology Journals 1, no. 4 (2006).

G.P., Harianto. Teologi PAK. Yogjakarta: Penerbit Andi, 2017.

Harming, and Katarina. “Strategi Pelayanan Lintas Budaya Berdasarkan Markus 4:1-34.” Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili Dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 113–21. https://doi.org/10.46445/EJTI.V3I1.130.

Kuiper, Arie De. Missiologia. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 2006.

Mappaenre, Andi, Uus Ruswandi, Mohamad Erihadiana, Yeni Nuraini, and Rizzaldy Satria Wiwaha. “Multicultural Education In Indonesia: Characteristics And Urgency.” JISIP (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Pendidikan) 7, no. 2 (June 7, 2023): 874–76. https://doi.org/10.58258/JISIP.V7I2.4574.

Marpaung, Agus Marulitua. “Kajian Teologis Tentang Rahasia Allah Berdasarkan Efesus 3:1-6.” Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili Dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat 1, no. 2 (August 2, 2017): 155–61. https://doi.org/10.46445/EJTI.V1I2.72.

Moe, David Thang. “Paul’s Theology of Mission and Missionary Methods.” Witness: The Journal of the Academy for Evangelism in Theological Education 30 (September 13, 2016). https://journals.sfu.ca/witness/index.php/witness/article/view/5.

Natadjaja, Listia. “Reflecting on Multicultural Relations in the Community Outreach Programme.” Citizenship Teaching and Learning 14, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 197–212. https://doi.org/10.1386/CTL_00005_1/CITE/REFWORKS.

Oh, Taekyun. “The Role of Christian Education in a Multicultural Society.” Journal of Christian Education & Information Technology 11 (2007): 7–25. https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00839350.

Osmer, Richard Robert. The Teaching Ministry of Congregations. Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press, 2005.

Plueddemann, James E. Leading Across Cultures. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2009.

Porter, Stenly E. Paul’s World. Leiden: Brill, 2008.

Raranta, Joice Ester. “Pendidikan Kristiani Berbasis Multikultural Dalam Konteks Moderasi Beragama.” Jurnal Teruna Bhakti 3, no. 2 (2021): 164–75.

Ridderbos, Herman. Paul: An Outline of His Theology. Grand Rapids: William B Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1982.

Santoso, Stanley. “Sinagoge Pada Masa Intertestamental Dan Relevansinya Dengan Gereja Masa Sekarang.” Jurnal Teologi Berita Hidup 3, no. 1 (October 3, 2020): 48–65. https://doi.org/10.38189/JTBH.V3I1.47.

Stam, C.R. Things That Differ. Germantown: Berean Bible Society, 1985.

Sumarni, Sri. “The Teachers’ Self-Adjustment Dynamics in Joining National Certification and the 21th Century Demand Fullfillment: A Case of Profession Education Implementation of Multicultural Teachers at Uin Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.” International Journal Of Scientific & Technology Research 8, no. 10 (2019): 3204–11.

Swindoll, Charles R. Paul: The Man of Grace and Grit. Nashville: The W Publishing Group, 2002.

Utomo, Cahyo, and Wasino Wasino. “An Integrated Teaching Tolerance in Learning History of Indonesian National...” Journal of Social Studies Education Research 11, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 65–108. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/217736/.

Weiss, Zeev. “The Sepphoris Synagogue Mosaic.” Biblical Archaeology Review 26, no. 5 (2000): 48–61.

Wiersbe, Warren W. Be Rich: Gaining The Things That Money Can’t Buy. Colorado: David C. Cook, 2009.

Zaluchu, Sonny Eli. “Strategi Penelitian Kualitatif Dan Kuantitatif Di Dalam Penelitian Agama.” Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili Dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat 4, no. 1 (2020): 28–38. https://doi.org/10.46445/ejti.v4i1.167.

Zuck, Roy B. Teaching As Paul Taught. Oregon: Baker Books, 2003.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30648/dun.v8i1.1200